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本文以实况资料为基础,对2005年中发生在我国内蒙古的一次强沙尘暴天气过程进行风场和温度场等的诊断分析,结果显示:(1)本次沙尘暴天气过程属于西北路径强冷空气入侵造成的。有利的气候背景是本次沙尘暴发生的基础。(2)大气斜压性强,动量下传作用是沙尘暴的天气诱因。200hPa高空急流的加强,850hPa强锋区和冷槽发生发展是沙尘暴的主要原因。在此基础上,得出沙尘暴的预报着眼点。 相似文献
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长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的环境地球化学特征 总被引:21,自引:3,他引:21
研究了长江口滨岸潮滩表层沉积物中磷的分布、形态等环境地球化学特征。结果表明该地区表层沉积物中磷的含量水平在18.0-31.4μmol/g之间,最大值出现在浦东白龙港污水排放口附近,长江口滨岸潮滩沉积物中磷的分布呈现明显的空间和季节性变化规律,这主要与潮滩不同地段磷的来源、沉积物质地的差异,以及水动力、环境介质条件和生物作用的时空变化密切相关。此外,沉积物中磷的形态分级研究表明大部分沉积磷以无机磷形式存在,其中无机磷又以钙结合磷为主;有机磷比例较少。其次,潮滩沉积物表层上覆水中可溶磷的浓度一般都大于沉积物间隙水,沉积物-水界面中磷主要以累积作用过程为主。 相似文献
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Proost Stef Van Regemorter Denise 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2004,9(4):453-473
In this paper we discuss the effects ofdifferent climate change policies onindustrial activity and on welfare. Wecompare the effects of carbon taxes andgrandfathered permits and the effects ofexemptions for energy-intensive industries.We survey first the insights from economictheory and from model experiments for theUS. Next we use a general equilibrium modelto assess the effect of different climatechange policies on industrial activity persector and per member country in the EU. Wepay particular attention to the effects ofpolicies where one EU member state exemptsits energy-intensive sectors from abatementefforts. The main findings are that, in theEU, the effects on industrial activity andthe welfare costs of tradable permits orcarbon taxes are small when no industrialsectors are exempted. When one membercountry exempts its energy intensivesector, this will reduce somewhat theimpact on its activity level but willgenerate an extra welfare cost for theEU. 相似文献
46.
湖滨带氧化还原环境的时空变化及其环境效应 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
在太湖梅梁湾,沿开阔水体至湖滨带方向,对植被型湖滨带(A区)、裸露型湖滨带(B区)和开阔水体(D区)水体中DO和水/沉积物Eh进行为期1a的现场观测.结果发现,梅梁湾水体DO时空变化明显.B区和D区水体中DO常年饱和,而A区DO浓度较低(年均(5.5±1.7)mg·L-1).在植物生长季,从开阔水体至湖滨植被区溶解氧浓度从12.7 mg·L-1降到4.5 mg·L-1;在非植物生长季则从9.7 mg·L-1降到6.2mg·L-1.湖滨带水体Eh在150 mV左右波动,空间变化趋势与溶解氧变化同步.沉积物Eh也表现出明显的时空变化,在植物生长季,各区沉积物均处于较强的还原状态(-158~-101 mV);而在非植物生长季,由开阔水体向植被型湖滨带Eh逐渐升高.在沉积物的垂直剖面上,开阔水体Eh自表层沉积物向下逐渐降低,而在A区的植被覆盖区则是先降低,大概在5 cm深处开始逐渐升高,于20 cm深左右达到峰值.根据上述植被型湖滨带氧化还原环境的特点,可以推知进行湖滨带生态修复,有利于去除湖泊氮污染. 相似文献
47.
海岸带环境综合管理问题探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前,中国海岸带环境管理中存在的法律、组织协调和运行机制等现有主要问题;福建省海岸带环境管理中存在的主要问题,提出了调整海洋环境功能区划、建立海洋污染事故快速反应体系与应急联动处置机制、加快城市排海污水处理能力的规划与建设、规范海水养殖功能区的管理、加强污染物排海总量控制技术与政策研究、实施海湾区域开发规划环境影响评价、实施海陆一体化的海岸带环境综合管理等福建省海岸带环境综合管理的调控措施. 相似文献
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Torvanger Asbjørn Rypdal Kristin Kallbekken Steffen 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2005,10(4):693-715
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and storage is increasingly being considered as an important climate change mitigation option. This paper explores
provisions for including geological CO2 storage in climate policy. The storage capacity of Norway's Continental Shelf is alone sufficient to store a large share
of European CO2 emissions for many decades. If CO2 is injected into oil reservoirs there is an additional benefit in terms of enhanced oil recovery. However, there are significant
technical and economic challenges, including the large investment in infrastructure required, with related economies of scale
properties. Thus CO2 capture, transportation and storage projects are likely to be more economically attractive if developed on a large scale,
which could mean involving two or more nations. An additional challenge is the risk of future leakages from storage sites,
where the government must take on a major responsibility. In institutional and policy terms, important challenges are the
unsettled status of geological CO2 storage as a policy measure in the Kyoto Protocol, lack of relevant reporting and verification procedures, and lack of decisions
on how the option should be linked to the flexibility mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol. In terms of competitiveness with
expected prices for CO2 permits under Kyoto Protocol trading, the relatively high costs per tonne of CO2 stored means that geological CO2 storage is primarily of interest where enhanced oil recovery is possible. These shortcomings and uncertainties mean that
companies and governments today only have weak incentives to venture into geological CO2 storage. 相似文献
50.
The studied agriculture-pasture interlacing zone has its specific natural conditions,at which the natural systems are unstable ,their self-regulation capability is low and the equilibrium is easily broken, and hence the habitat is fairly vulnerable.During last 20 years the increasing population and livestock ,over-reclamation,over-pasturing,over-deforesting, and other intensified negative human activities in the zone resulted in coarsening of surface soil,decrease of organic mater content in soil, reduction of vegetation coverage ,variation and degradation of flora structure, and hence in desertization of the land, although average of gales and sandstorms some decreased and the climate tended to be better in the region.However, the frequent sandstorms occurring in the springs of last and present years has attracted much attention.Investigations confirmed that the main cause for the phenomena is the unreasonable human activites rater than the natural factors. 相似文献